Turf Toe

What is Turf Toe?

Turf toe is a sprain of the ligaments around the big toe joint, caused by hyperextension. It’s common in football and soccer players, especially on artificial turf.

Common Symptoms

• Pain and swelling at the base of the big toe

• Difficulty pushing off during running or jumping

• Stiffness or limited toe motion

• Tenderness at the big toe joint

Physical Therapist Diagnosis

A PT assesses history of injury, swelling, and pain with toe extension. Special testing of toe stability helps determine severity.

Why it Happens

Turf toe occurs when the big toe is forcefully bent upward, stressing the ligaments and joint capsule.

Why it Doesn’t Always Heal on Its Own

Mild cases may resolve with rest, but more severe sprains often linger without rehab, leading to chronic stiffness or weakness.

Ideal Physical Therapy Treatment

Rehab emphasizes pain control, mobility, and strengthening.

Key strategies include:

• Manual therapy to restore toe mobility

• Dry needling for calf or foot tightness

• Strengthening of foot and toe muscles

• Taping or stiff-soled shoe inserts to protect during healing

• Progressive return-to-sport drills

Expected Outcomes

Most mild cases resolve in weeks, but severe injuries may require months.

Key Takeaway

Turf toe can sideline athletes, but proper therapy restores push-off power and prevents lingering issues.