Labral Tear (Shoulder)

What is a Labral Tear in the Shoulder?

The labrum is a rim of cartilage that deepens the shoulder socket. A tear can cause instability, catching, or pain with overhead or rotational activities. Athletes in throwing and contact sports are at higher risk of sustaining a labral tear in the shoulder.

Common Symptoms

• Deep shoulder pain

• Clicking, popping, or catching sensations

• Instability or “dead arm” feeling with throwing

• Decreased power or performance overhead

Physical Therapist Diagnosis

A PT examines shoulder stability, range of motion, and muscle strength. Special tests like the O’Brien’s, crank, and apprehension tests help identify labral involvement. Functional movement and sport-specific testing are often included.

Why it Happens

Labral tears can occur from repetitive overhead stress, dislocations, or direct trauma.

Why it Doesn’t Always Heal on Its Own

The labrum has poor blood supply, so tears often persist without guided treatment. Instability and compensations increase the risk of further injury.

Ideal Physical Therapy Treatment

Rehab emphasizes restoring stability and movement control.

Key strategies include:

• Manual therapy to optimize shoulder and thoracic mobility

• Dry needling for surrounding muscular tightness

• Strengthening of the rotator cuff and scapular stabilizers

• Neuromuscular retraining for overhead mechanics

• Gradual sport-specific progression back to full participation in sport or activity

Expected Outcomes

Many athletes return to sport with rehab alone, though some severe tears may require surgery. Therapy is essential in both cases for restoring function and preventing recurrence.