Frozen Shoulder

What is Frozen Shoulder?

Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition where the capsule surrounding the shoulder joint becomes thickened and stiff, leading to pain and a significant loss of motion. It most often affects adults between ages 40–60. A frozen shoulder can be quite uncomfortable, especially in the early stages.

Common Symptoms

• Global stiffness and restricted range of motion

• Shoulder pain, especially at night

• Difficulty reaching overhead, behind the back, or across the body

• Pain and stiffness that progress through stages (freezing, frozen, thawing)

Physical Therapist Diagnosis

A PT assesses range of motion loss in multiple directions, shoulder mechanics, and joint mobility. History and symptom progression often point strongly toward frozen shoulder.

Why it Happens

The exact cause isn’t always clear, but it can develop after shoulder injury, surgery, or sometimes without clear cause. It’s more common in people with diabetes or thyroid disorders.

Why it Doesn’t Always Heal on Its Own

While frozen shoulder can resolve over time, it may take years without treatment, leading to prolonged pain and disability.

Ideal Physical Therapy Treatment

Rehab focuses on restoring mobility and function gradually.

Key strategies include:

• Manual therapy and stretching to improve joint mobility

• Dry needling to reduce muscle guarding

• Gentle strengthening within available range

• Education to set expectations and guide progression

• Home program for consistent mobility work

Expected Outcomes

Recovery is gradual and can take months, but therapy accelerates progress and improves overall function.